[ { "id": "SA16", "source_ref": "A16", "name": "Depaving", "kind": "element", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The deliberate removal of sealed surface to expose soil. Called an enabling intervention by the source, but unlike the soil operations of section 19 the intervention is itself the change of surface, and the permeable plaza was kept on the same de-sealing logic.", "cooling_mechanism": "reduced heat storage from de-sealing + evapotranspiration once planted", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "SA17", "source_ref": "A17", "name": "Sandarium", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Bare exposed sand. No cited evidence class in the library describes it and there is no envelope to inherit; a biodiversity element, not a cooling intervention.", "cooling_mechanism": "None directly. Indirect biodiversity benefits only.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "SA18", "source_ref": "A18", "name": "Habitat Gravel Patch", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Bare mineral surface, which stores heat rather than losing it. Same reasoning as the sandarium.", "cooling_mechanism": "Minimal direct cooling.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.1", "source_ref": "11.1", "name": "Live Fascines", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "A construction technique for soft bank protection, which is the system the living shoreline already names. Defined a second time in the source as 11B.2.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased evapotranspiration; riparian shading after establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.2", "source_ref": "11.2", "name": "Live Stakes", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Point reinforcement by dormant cuttings: a planting method within the bank system, not a system. Defined a second time as 11B.3.", "cooling_mechanism": "future canopy shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.3", "source_ref": "11.3", "name": "Brush Mattress", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Surface treatment of an eroding bank whose temporary structural components degrade over time; the finished thing is a vegetated bank.", "cooling_mechanism": "riparian vegetation development", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.4", "source_ref": "11.4", "name": "Brush Layering", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Alternating branch and soil layers within a reconstructed bank. Defined a second time as 11B.1.", "cooling_mechanism": "riparian vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.5", "source_ref": "11.5", "name": "Live Cribwall", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "A timber crib that becomes a living retaining structure; the timber eventually decomposes and the vegetated bank remains.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.6", "source_ref": "11.6", "name": "Vegetated Geogrid", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Reinforcement material within a vegetated bank build-up. Defined a second time as 11B.6.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.7", "source_ref": "11.7", "name": "Vegetated Coir Roll (Coir Log)", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Biodegradable toe protection of limited lifespan: a material within the bank system.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation development", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.8", "source_ref": "11.8", "name": "Willow Spiling", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "A traditional weaving technique producing the same vegetated bank.", "cooling_mechanism": "riparian vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.9", "source_ref": "11.9", "name": "Vegetated Riprap", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Rock armour with planting between; the source's own caveat is that it is less natural than purely vegetated systems.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.10", "source_ref": "11.10", "name": "Rootwad Revetment", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Anchored dead tree root masses in the channel. It carries no vegetation of its own, so there is no vegetated envelope to inherit; the shade it claims belongs to bank planting it does not contain.", "cooling_mechanism": "riparian shade", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.11", "source_ref": "11.11", "name": "Engineered Log Jam", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Anchored large woody material for channel morphology and fish habitat. Requires hydraulic modelling, and belongs to river engineering rather than the urban public realm.", "cooling_mechanism": "riparian vegetation support; water shading", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.12", "source_ref": "11.12", "name": "Reed Bed Stabilisation", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Emergent vegetation establishing on saturated margins: the vegetated state of the bank system rather than a separate one.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11.13", "source_ref": "11.13", "name": "Riparian Brush Planting", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Dense native shrub planting on a bank: the planting layer of the same system.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; stream shading", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.1", "source_ref": "11B.1", "name": "Live Brush Layering", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "A deep-reinforcement technique within a reconstructed slope; the finished thing is a vegetated slope. Defined a second time as 11.4.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.2", "source_ref": "11B.2", "name": "Live Fascines", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Contour bundles intercepting runoff: a technique. Defined a second time as 11.1.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.3", "source_ref": "11B.3", "name": "Live Stakes", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Point reinforcement with limited structural capacity during establishment. Defined a second time as 11.2.", "cooling_mechanism": "future shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.4", "source_ref": "11B.4", "name": "Vegetated Geocells", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Cellular confinement filled and vegetated: a manufactured material within a vegetated slope.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.5", "source_ref": "11B.5", "name": "Vegetated Geomats", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "An erosion-control mat protecting soil while vegetation becomes established; the mat is scaffolding for the entry it merges into.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.6", "source_ref": "11B.6", "name": "Vegetated Geogrids", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Reinforcement material. Defined a second time as 11.6.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.7", "source_ref": "11B.7", "name": "Vegetated Rock Gabions", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "The source concedes it qualifies only where vegetation forms an integral component of the system: the vegetation is the NbS and the gabion is the structure.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.8", "source_ref": "11B.8", "name": "Vegetated Reinforced Earth", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Mechanically stabilised earth supporting vegetated cover; engineering intensive, same vegetated outcome.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.9", "source_ref": "11B.9", "name": "Shrub Stabilisation", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Dense shrub planting on a slope: the planting layer of the kept entry.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.10", "source_ref": "11B.10", "name": "Deep-rooted Native Planting", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Native trees and shrubs for root reinforcement, which is what the kept entry's native vegetation means.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.11", "source_ref": "11B.11", "name": "Grass Reinforcement", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "Fibrous-rooted grass cover; the source itself flags limited habitat and low biodiversity where monocultures are used.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.12", "source_ref": "11B.12", "name": "Hydroseeding", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Disqualified by its own classification note: a supporting revegetation technique rather than a high-value Nature-based Solution unless diverse native species are deliberately incorporated, with relatively low ecological value stated twice.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.13", "source_ref": "11B.13", "name": "Coconut Fibre Blanket", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "A temporary natural-fibre blanket: a material, and one of three near-identical ones.", "cooling_mechanism": "supports vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.14", "source_ref": "11B.14", "name": "Jute Erosion Mat", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "The same function and lifespan as the coconut-fibre blanket in a different fibre.", "cooling_mechanism": "supports vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.15", "source_ref": "11B.15", "name": "Biodegradable Erosion-Control Blanket", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S11B.17", "reason": "The generic superset of the coconut-fibre and jute variants; merging material variants into one entry is what the catalogue already does for cable and trellis facades.", "cooling_mechanism": "supports vegetation establishment", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S11B.16", "source_ref": "11B.16", "name": "Vegetated Terracing", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Stepped terraces that change the landform rather than merely its cover: a distinct construction with its own water-retention behaviour, and the only slope entry that alters gradient rather than reinforcing it.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from terraced planting + water retained on the slope", "needs_ruling": true }, { "id": "S11B.17", "source_ref": "11B.17", "name": "Natural Slope Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The canonical vegetated slope: native vegetation and soil rehabilitation instead of conventional hard engineering. The catalogue had no slope entry of any kind, and embankments, cuttings and landslide scars are ordinary urban conditions.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from re-established native slope vegetation", "needs_ruling": true }, { "id": "S12A.1", "source_ref": "12A.1", "name": "Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Shipped as Subsurface-flow treatment wetland. The flow is beneath a gravel bed, so there is no exposed water surface: inheriting the constructed-wetland class on the strength of the word wetland would attribute evaporative cooling to water that is under stone.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from emergent planting over a gravel bed; no exposed water surface", "needs_ruling": true }, { "id": "S12A.2", "source_ref": "12A.2", "name": "Vertical Flow Treatment Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S12A.1", "reason": "A hydraulic configuration of the same subsurface system; greater oxygen transfer is a treatment property, not a thermal one.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.3", "source_ref": "12A.3", "name": "Hybrid Constructed Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S12A.1", "reason": "By its own definition a combination of the horizontal and vertical flow entries.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.4", "source_ref": "12A.4", "name": "Floating Treatment Wetland", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.13", "reason": "The catalogue already carries the floating planted platform; the influent is an attribute.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; water shading", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.5", "source_ref": "12A.5", "name": "Biofiltration Basin", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "B10", "reason": "Engineered media, vegetation, storage and underdrainage: the bioretention entry described again.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; increased soil moisture", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.6", "source_ref": "12A.6", "name": "Living Machine", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A trademarked proprietary treatment train rather than a typology, partly indoor, and requiring specialist operation.", "cooling_mechanism": "indoor or outdoor vegetation; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.7", "source_ref": "12A.7", "name": "Planted Sand Filter", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S12A.1", "reason": "Subsurface filtration through planted sand media: the same no-open-water system in a different medium.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12A.8", "source_ref": "12A.8", "name": "Reed Bed Treatment System", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S12A.1", "reason": "Self-declared to be on a different classification axis: a plant community typology, whereas the other wetland categories describe hydraulic treatment configurations. The canonical reed bed is subsurface.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.9", "source_ref": "12B.9", "name": "Ecological Wastewater Treatment Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Physically the catalogue's constructed wetland; what differs is pollutant load, an attribute the tool does not score.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation; open water where present", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.10", "source_ref": "12B.10", "name": "Constructed Sewage Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Optimised for sewage treatment at larger scales: influent and scale, not form.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.11", "source_ref": "12B.11", "name": "Waste Stabilisation Pond", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Municipal sanitation works of 1,000-100,000 square metres with potential odour and mosquito management. Not an intervention offered for an urban site.", "cooling_mechanism": "open water; evaporation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.12", "source_ref": "12B.12", "name": "Anaerobic Treatment Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Functions as a first-stage treatment system rather than a complete process, at municipal or industrial scale, with odour.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation; open water where applicable", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.13", "source_ref": "12B.13", "name": "Facultative Treatment Lagoon", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A municipal treatment lagoon with algal and mosquito management; same reasoning as the waste stabilisation pond.", "cooling_mechanism": "open water; evaporation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12B.14", "source_ref": "12B.14", "name": "Polishing Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Its own text states it is not suitable as a standalone wastewater treatment system, being a stage within a treatment train. Where landscape-integrated it is a constructed wetland.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.15", "source_ref": "12C.15", "name": "Recycled Water Irrigation Network", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A pipe network that distributes already treated water rather than treating it. This is the irrigation the methodology already models as sustaining an entry within its envelope and never as raising it.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased evapotranspiration; sustained vegetation health", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.16", "source_ref": "12C.16", "name": "Landscape Water Reuse System", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Self-declared an integrated landscape management system: a management objective over kept entries.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained evapotranspiration; irrigated vegetation; increased soil moisture", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.17", "source_ref": "12C.17", "name": "Rainwater Harvesting Landscape", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A water-supply strategy realised through rain gardens, bioswales and storage: a package of kept entries, the ruling that dropped the urban sponge landscape.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained irrigation; increased evapotranspiration; improved soil moisture", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.18", "source_ref": "12C.18", "name": "Stormwater Harvesting Landscape", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The same as rainwater harvesting with urban runoff as the source; the difference is the source, not the form.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained vegetation irrigation; increased evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.19", "source_ref": "12C.19", "name": "Managed Aquifer Recharge Landscape", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Stores water below ground and lists minimal evaporation losses as an advantage: the cooling mechanism is the one it is designed to suppress.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; vegetation supported through groundwater", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.20", "source_ref": "12C.20", "name": "Seasonal Water Storage Landscape", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Temporal redistribution of water: a water-management objective at district-to-regional scale.", "cooling_mechanism": "supports irrigation; sustains evapotranspiration during drought", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.21", "source_ref": "12C.21", "name": "Water Plaza with Reuse", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.4", "reason": "Cross-references the water square itself and differs only by planned water reuse, a hydraulic setting.", "cooling_mechanism": "evaporation; irrigated vegetation; increased soil moisture", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12C.22", "source_ref": "12C.22", "name": "Irrigation Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Its own text: functions primarily as a water distribution and storage landscape. Physically a constructed wetland.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; open water; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12D.23", "source_ref": "12D.23", "name": "Nutrient Recovery Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "The objective is resource recovery, and the source states the form is unchanged.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation; open water where present", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12D.24", "source_ref": "12D.24", "name": "Biomass Harvest Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Differentiated only by a harvesting regime: a management practice, not a form.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12D.25", "source_ref": "12D.25", "name": "Productive Treatment Wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Productive outputs are deliberately incorporated, but food crops are generally inappropriate, so it is not a productive-landscape entry either.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12D.26", "source_ref": "12D.26", "name": "Agro-wetland", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "District to regional, peri-urban, 1,000-100,000 square metres, with agricultural suitability dependent on regulatory standards: a peri-urban agricultural land use.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation; surface water", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S12D.27", "source_ref": "12D.27", "name": "Constructed Reed Harvest System", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.1", "reason": "Distinguished from the reed bed treatment system by a maintenance regime alone, on the source's own account.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.1", "source_ref": "17.1", "name": "Living Shoreline", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "The catalogue already ships this entry under this name, kept with the note that it covers coastal and freshwater shores alike.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation; evapotranspiration; surface water", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.2", "source_ref": "17.2", "name": "Oyster Reef Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A submerged marine ecosystem: no pedestrian-level effect and no envelope to inherit.", "cooling_mechanism": "None directly.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.3", "source_ref": "17.3", "name": "Seagrass Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Fully submerged meadows in shallow coastal water.", "cooling_mechanism": "None directly.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.4", "source_ref": "17.4", "name": "Mangrove Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Woody vegetation restored on a tidal margin, cooling by shade and evapotranspiration. It inherits the cited class for water-margin woodland, and is the one envelope in this curation applied outside the biome its evidence measured; a per-entry override restricts it to the tropical zones on the source's own words.", "cooling_mechanism": "canopy shade over the intertidal margin + evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": true }, { "id": "S17.5", "source_ref": "17.5", "name": "Saltmarsh Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S17.7", "reason": "Tidal saltmarsh is the coastal wetland under another name, with an identical sole cooling mechanism and overlapping applications.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.6", "source_ref": "17.6", "name": "Dune Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Native dune vegetation and sand management: a distinct coastal landform system. Deliberately not merged into the coastal park, which is a park and reports established-park values a restored dune does not earn.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from dune vegetation + reduced bare-sand surface heating", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.7", "source_ref": "17.7", "name": "Coastal Wetland Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Tidal and brackish wetland: emergent vegetation standing in shallow water, not open water. The large-water-body class was considered and rejected for the reason the two water archetypes are kept apart at all.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from emergent tidal vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.8", "source_ref": "17.8", "name": "Beach Nourishment with Dune Vegetation", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "S17.6", "reason": "The vegetative half is dune restoration; the other half is sediment import, an engineering operation the tool does not score.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.9", "source_ref": "17.9", "name": "Coastal Bioengineering", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.12", "reason": "Living vegetation and natural materials stabilising coastal slopes, bluffs and shorelines: the definition of the entry it merges into.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.10", "source_ref": "17.10", "name": "Hybrid Living Breakwater", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "An engineered offshore breakwater with ecological components: grey infrastructure in the water column.", "cooling_mechanism": "None directly.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S17.11", "source_ref": "17.11", "name": "Kelp Forest Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Submerged macroalgae, restricted to suitable cold and temperate marine environments.", "cooling_mechanism": "None directly.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.14", "source_ref": "9.14", "name": "Ground-rooted Climber System", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "D2", "reason": "Restates the indirect ground-rooted facade, including its cable and trellis support options, which is why the cable and mesh variants merged into it already.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration; reduced facade heat gain", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.15", "source_ref": "9.15", "name": "Wall-mounted Living Wall", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "D7", "reason": "Plants installed within engineered panels fixed to the facade is the modular living wall's definition.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; shading; thermal insulation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.16", "source_ref": "9.16", "name": "Cable Trellis System", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "D2", "reason": "The cable facade, already merged into the indirect ground-rooted facade once.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.17", "source_ref": "9.17", "name": "Modular Living Wall", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "D7", "reason": "The catalogue entry of the same name, and a near-duplicate of the wall-mounted living wall within its own chapter.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; facade shading", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.18", "source_ref": "9.18", "name": "Planter-box Facade", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "D5", "reason": "Rooting in planters at multiple levels is the planter-rooted facade.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.19", "source_ref": "9.19", "name": "Green Loggia", "kind": "element", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A recessed planted outdoor room with restricted air movement and high radiant load from the surrounding fabric: the enclosed-courtyard geometry at building scale. No counterpart in the catalogue, and distinguished by the source from both balcony and terrace.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade and evapotranspiration within a recessed, poorly ventilated volume", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.20", "source_ref": "9.20", "name": "Green Atrium", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Indoor: a planted internal or semi-enclosed atrium improving indoor environmental quality, functioning as an interior climate landscape. The same entry was already dropped once, as 9.31, for the same reason.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; shade; ventilation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.21", "source_ref": "9.21", "name": "Indoor Biophilic System", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Indoor, and self-limiting: limited cooling effect, primarily designed for interior environments rather than external building envelopes.", "cooling_mechanism": "Evapotranspiration (limited); humidity regulation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.22", "source_ref": "9.22", "name": "Vertical Forest Building", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A building carrying substantial tree and shrub planting across its balconies and terraces: a distinct built form with no catalogue counterpart. It inherits the facade class and not dense canopy, because the vegetated-balcony figures of kumar2024 were deliberately not adopted so that balconies would not outscore measured street trees.", "cooling_mechanism": "facade shading and evapotranspiration from balcony-borne trees and shrubs", "needs_ruling": true }, { "id": "S9.23", "source_ref": "9.23", "name": "Sky Garden", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "C3", "reason": "Integrated at intermediate levels within the building rather than on its roof: a position, not a form, the same reasoning under which the green verge merged into the green median.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S9.24", "source_ref": "9.24", "name": "Roof Forest", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "C17", "reason": "The catalogue entry restated: multiple trees and layered vegetation on a roof, distinguished from an intensive roof in the same words.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration; thermal insulation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.1", "source_ref": "18.1", "name": "Bee Hotel", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Artificial nesting cavities. No cooling mechanism is stated and there is no envelope to inherit.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.2", "source_ref": "18.2", "name": "Bat Box", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "An artificial roost fixed to a building or tree, with no thermal function.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.3", "source_ref": "18.3", "name": "Bird Nesting Wall", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Nesting cavities integrated into masonry: a building component, not vegetation.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.4", "source_ref": "18.4", "name": "Swift Brick", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A single brick with a cavity.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.5", "source_ref": "18.5", "name": "Hedgehog Highway", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A gap in a fence: the intervention is an absence of material, and it is self-declared to be about landscape connectivity rather than habitat creation.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.6", "source_ref": "18.6", "name": "Deadwood Habitat Pile", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Retained dead wood for decomposers; also duplicated in the source as 20.5.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.7", "source_ref": "18.7", "name": "Log Pile Habitat", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Stacked logs, given as a stub entry with no scale, advantages or limitations.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.8", "source_ref": "18.8", "name": "Stone Pile Habitat", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The only entry in the section to state a cooling mechanism, and it states none. It is also thermally counter-directional by design: warm crevices requiring sun exposure.", "cooling_mechanism": "None.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.9", "source_ref": "18.9", "name": "Hibernaculum", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A frost-free overwintering refuge: an insulating device, not a summer cooling one.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.10", "source_ref": "18.10", "name": "Amphibian Shelter", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A refuge structure; the only cool in the entry is the microhabitat for the animal inside it.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.11", "source_ref": "18.11", "name": "Reptile Basking Habitat", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Exposed sun-heated rock for thermoregulation: a warming feature, and a combination of the log and stone piles.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.12", "source_ref": "18.12", "name": "Insect Hotel", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The multi-species superset of the bee hotel; same reasoning.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.13", "source_ref": "18.13", "name": "Sandarium (previously defined)", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A duplicate of A17 pointing at an unresolved placeholder. A17 is dropped, so this is dropped on the same grounds.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S18.14", "source_ref": "18.14", "name": "Habitat Gravel Patch (previously defined)", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A duplicate of A18, likewise.", "cooling_mechanism": null, "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.1", "source_ref": "19.1", "name": "Soil Decompaction", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Cooling stated as mediated through healthier vegetation rather than direct. An enabling soil operation, listed by the source as a component of depaving.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased infiltration; improved soil moisture; enhanced evapotranspiration through healthier vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.2", "source_ref": "19.2", "name": "Soil Regeneration", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Self-declared umbrella: integrates multiple restoration techniques rather than a single intervention, with supporting all subsequent NbS as its stated advantage.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved water retention; increased vegetation performance", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.3", "source_ref": "19.3", "name": "Soil Remediation", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The parent category of phytoremediation and mycoremediation, defined by the contaminant rather than by a form.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.4", "source_ref": "19.4", "name": "Phytoremediation", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The only entry in the section whose mechanism is the planting: it uses living vegetation as the primary remediation mechanism. It also answers a planning case the catalogue could not, the contaminated site.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from remediation planting", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.5", "source_ref": "19.5", "name": "Mycoremediation", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Indirect, and an emerging practice with site-specific performance by its own limitations.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.6", "source_ref": "19.6", "name": "Biochar Incorporation", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A soil amendment whose cooling runs through enhanced vegetation performance.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved soil moisture; enhanced vegetation performance", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.7", "source_ref": "19.7", "name": "Compost Amendment", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A soil amendment whose cooling runs through improved vegetation growth.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; improved vegetation growth", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.8", "source_ref": "19.8", "name": "Topsoil Restoration", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Reconstruction of a soil horizon so that vegetation can later be planted.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved vegetation establishment; increased infiltration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.9", "source_ref": "19.9", "name": "Subsoil Rehabilitation", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The lower half of topsoil restoration; the stated mechanisms are hydrological and root, not thermal.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved water storage; root development", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.10", "source_ref": "19.10", "name": "Structural Soil", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "A6", "reason": "The catalogue entry restated. Its own text calls it one of the most important enabling technologies, and it is defined a second time in the source as 15.4.10, in a family whose note says they are not Nature-based Solutions in themselves.", "cooling_mechanism": "enhanced tree growth; increased evapotranspiration; increased infiltration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.11", "source_ref": "19.11", "name": "Living Soil", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A soil condition maintained by management, self-flagged as difficult to quantify and requiring adaptive management.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved vegetation performance; increased water retention", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S19.12", "source_ref": "19.12", "name": "Microbial Inoculation", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Indirect through healthier vegetation, by its own statement.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through healthier vegetation.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.1", "source_ref": "20.1", "name": "Reduced Mowing", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Management changes rather than physical intervention, in the source's own words. Its outcome, a meadow, is the pocket meadow already in the catalogue.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased evapotranspiration; greater vegetation cover; reduced surface temperatures", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.2", "source_ref": "20.2", "name": "Seasonal Mowing", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The same practice parameterised by timing rather than frequency.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased seasonal vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.3", "source_ref": "20.3", "name": "Adaptive Irrigation", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "An irrigation schedule. The methodology already treats irrigation as sustaining an entry within its envelope and never as raising it, so scoring it as an intervention would double-count.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained evapotranspiration; healthy vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.4", "source_ref": "20.4", "name": "Ecological Pruning", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A maintenance mode preserving an existing asset rather than adding one.", "cooling_mechanism": "maintains effective canopy cover; supports long-term shading", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.5", "source_ref": "20.5", "name": "Deadwood Retention", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "An act of non-removal; duplicated in the source as 18.6.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.6", "source_ref": "20.6", "name": "Natural Succession Management", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A management strategy of minimal intervention. Where it produces a real outcome on a real site, that outcome is brownfield ecological succession, which is kept.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased vegetation cover; greater evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.7", "source_ref": "20.7", "name": "Seasonal Flooding Management", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The planned acceptance and management of temporary flooding; the physical intervention it presupposes is the floodable or stormwater park already catalogued.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; surface water evaporation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.8", "source_ref": "20.8", "name": "Rotational Grazing", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A grazing regime, suitable only for larger landscapes.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through healthy vegetation.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.9", "source_ref": "20.9", "name": "Adaptive Planting", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "The ongoing adjustment of species composition: planting evolves over time rather than remaining fixed after construction.", "cooling_mechanism": "improved vegetation performance; sustained canopy cover; increased evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S20.10", "source_ref": "20.10", "name": "Climate-resilient Maintenance", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "An umbrella over the other management entries by its own definition, applying to all Nature-based Solutions; its limitations are institutional rather than physical.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained vegetation health; long-term ecosystem performance", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.1", "source_ref": "21.1", "name": "Grassland Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "B6", "reason": "Native grass and herbaceous re-establishment: the same vegetation structure and cooling behaviour as the catalogue's meadow entry. Extent is a parameter, not a typology.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; increased vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.2", "source_ref": "21.2", "name": "Meadow Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "B6", "reason": "The catalogue's meadow entry under another name, distinguished from grassland restoration only by flowering herbaceous diversity, a species-selection objective.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration; vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.3", "source_ref": "21.3", "name": "Heathland Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Limited geographical suitability, cooling stated as vegetation cover alone, and no urban setting among its applications.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.4", "source_ref": "21.4", "name": "Peatland Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Limited geographical occurrence, landscape to regional in scale, with stated advantages that are global carbon rather than local cooling.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.5", "source_ref": "21.5", "name": "Shrubland Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "B2", "reason": "The same vegetation structure and cooling behaviour as the shrub-dominated planting bed; restoration versus creation is a delivery mode the catalogue distinguishes only where an availability gate turns on it, as it does for woodland.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.6", "source_ref": "21.6", "name": "Riparian Habitat Restoration", "kind": "composite", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "6.7", "reason": "The tool's own riparian restoration, restated. River restoration is the target rather than the riparian buffer because this entry recovers natural hydrology as well as bank vegetation, where the buffer is explicitly a discrete vegetated strip.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration; water cooling", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.7", "source_ref": "21.7", "name": "Urban Ecological Restoration", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Neighbourhood to city in scale and subsuming the other restoration entries: a programme over kept entries, the ruling that dropped the ecological network.", "cooling_mechanism": "shade; evapotranspiration; increased vegetation cover", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.8", "source_ref": "21.8", "name": "Brownfield Ecological Succession", "kind": "composite", "decision": "keep", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Managed natural colonisation of a former industrial site, where the intervention is largely the decision not to intervene. There is no catalogue equivalent, the naturalistic park being a park, and the archetype's genuine zero floor suits a site in its first seasons.", "cooling_mechanism": "evapotranspiration from spontaneous pioneer vegetation as cover establishes", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S21.9", "source_ref": "21.9", "name": "Native Habitat Restoration", "kind": "strategy", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A self-declared catch-all that targets no specific ecosystem type: a composition attribute, like native woodland before it.", "cooling_mechanism": "vegetation cover; shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.10", "source_ref": "7.10", "name": "Wildlife Overpass (Eco-bridge)", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Regional transport infrastructure; the vegetation it carries is not sited where people stand.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.11", "source_ref": "7.11", "name": "Wildlife Underpass", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A tunnel beneath a road.", "cooling_mechanism": "None.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.12", "source_ref": "7.12", "name": "Amphibian Tunnel", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A species-specific narrowing of the wildlife underpass.", "cooling_mechanism": "None.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.13", "source_ref": "7.13", "name": "Fish Passage", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A hydraulic structure requiring river engineering.", "cooling_mechanism": "None.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.14", "source_ref": "7.14", "name": "Bat Flyway", "kind": "composite", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Its physical substance is tree lines and hedgerows, which are the corridor entries already kept.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through associated vegetation.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S7.15", "source_ref": "7.15", "name": "Arboreal Rope Bridge", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A rope between two existing canopies.", "cooling_mechanism": "None.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.15", "source_ref": "10.15", "name": "Infiltration Trench", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A buried stone-filled trench whose stated cooling belongs to surrounding vegetation it does not contain.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; enhanced evapotranspiration through surrounding vegetation", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.16", "source_ref": "10.16", "name": "Infiltration Gallery", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A larger infiltration trench, listing hidden infrastructure as an advantage.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased groundwater recharge; enhanced vegetation performance", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.17", "source_ref": "10.17", "name": "Tree Trench", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "A11", "reason": "The catalogue entry restated verbatim, down to the same contrast with individual tree pits.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased canopy development; evapotranspiration; shade", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.18", "source_ref": "10.18", "name": "Structural Stormwater Trench", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Self-described drainage infrastructure beneath pavement.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased soil moisture; enhanced vegetation performance", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.19", "source_ref": "10.19", "name": "Underground Soil Cell System", "kind": "element", "decision": "merge", "merge_into": "A7", "reason": "The catalogue entry restated; it names proprietary products, and its own text calls it an underground support system.", "cooling_mechanism": "increased tree growth; shade; evapotranspiration", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.20", "source_ref": "10.20", "name": "Modular Stormwater Crate System", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Manufactured plastic crates, with cooling stated as indirect.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through water availability for vegetation.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.21", "source_ref": "10.21", "name": "Tree Irrigation Reservoir", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A buried reservoir; the cooling listed is the tree's.", "cooling_mechanism": "sustained evapotranspiration; healthy canopy development", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.22", "source_ref": "10.22", "name": "Root Barrier System", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "Indirect by its own statement, with infrastructure protection as its stated ecosystem service.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through healthier tree establishment.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.23", "source_ref": "10.23", "name": "Root Path System", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A buried conduit, indirect by its own statement.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through improved canopy development.", "needs_ruling": false }, { "id": "S10.24", "source_ref": "10.24", "name": "Stormwater Distribution Chamber", "kind": "element", "decision": "drop", "merge_into": null, "reason": "A hydraulic control node whose stated service is improved NbS performance: it services other entries rather than being one.", "cooling_mechanism": "Indirect through improved water availability.", "needs_ruling": false } ]